Specification-based testing techniques belong to black box test design methodologies. Quality assurance services are delivered using a variety of adequate QA methods so that to help you assess if your products meet their requirements or not. This time, let us consider two test design techniques which are worth paying attention to.
Equivalence Partitioning
Inputs accepted by a software program or system are divided into (classes) groups that should be handled by the system equivalently so they can be considered similar. Equivalence classes or equivalent partitions (meaning of the two is exactly the same) can be created for valid input data and invalid input data, the latter are those values which lie outside a certain partition. Classes can be also created for output data, inside values, time-dependent variables /values (e.g., those which are affected by the time and applied before or after a specific event) and the interface parameters (such as those used during integration testing). Some tests are meant to cover all valid and invalid data classes. Equivalence partitioning can be applied at any level of testing. If something is unclear for you, do not hesitate to contact a professional quality assurance consultant and find answers to all important questions of yours.
Equivalence testing is worth running prior to other analyses.
Boundary-Value Testing
The behavior at the edge of equivalent classes is most likely to be wrong, thus, the boundaries are a potential source of defects and bugs. Highest and lowest values of every partition (class) are the boundary values. A boundary value for a valid (class) partition is a valid boundary value, and a boundary value for an invalid (class) partition is an invalid boundary value correspondingly. There are tests intended to cover both valid and invalid boundary values. It is common to select the tests for each boundary value while developing test cases.
Boundary value analysis can be conducted at all test levels. The testing is comparatively easy to execute and effective for detecting defects. Detailed specifications documents will be extremely helpful in determining proper boundaries.
This method is often considered as complementary to equivalence partition method. It can be used for the equivalence classes of data entered on the screen, and, for example, for the equivalence classes with respect to time spans (e.g., or timeouts or requirements for accelerated transaction processing) for dimensions of tables (e.g., the table size 256 *256).
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